(The
night journey and the ascension of prophet Muhammad)
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of t he Worlds, the One Who exists
without a place. To Him belong the endowments and proper commendations.
May Allah raise the rank of Prophet Muhammad and his kind Al and
Companions and protect his nation from what he fears for them.
May the Lord of Heavens and Earth grant us the sincere intentions
and guide us to the acceptable deeds.
Thereafter, Allah sent the prophets
as a mercy to the slaves and supported them with miracles to indicate
the truthfulness of their message. Of all the prophets, our Prophet,
Muhammad, was blessed with the most miracles. Al-Isra' and al-Mi^raj
are among the many miracles of Prophet Muhammad.
The miracle of al-Isra' is confirmed
in the Qur'an. In Surat al-Isra', Ayah 1, Allah said:
which means: [Praise be to Allah
Who enabled His slave, Muhammad, to make the journey at night
from Masjid al-Haram in Makkah to Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem,
which is surrounded a blessed land.] This journey is also confirmed
in the sahih hadith. As such, there is scholarly consensus (ijma^)
Prophet Muhammad journeyed in body and soul the night of al-Isra'
from Masjid al-Haram in Makkah to Masjid al-Aqsain Jerusalem.
Moreover, these scholars indicated the person who denies al-Isra'
is a blasphemer for belying the explicit text of the Qur'an.
Before the Prophet took this
night journey, the ceiling of the house in which he was staying
was opened, and Jibril descended. He cut open the chest of Prophet
Muhammad and washed that open area with Zamzam water. Then he
emptied something from a container into the chest of the Prophet
to increase his wisdom as well as the strength of his belief.
This was done to prepare the Messenger of Allah for that which
he had yet to see in the upper world from among the wonders of
the creation of Allah.
Al-Isra'
After the Prophet performed
the Evening Prayer (^Isha'), Jibril came to him with a white animal,
slightly larger than a donkey yet smaller than a mule. This animal
was the buraq,--one of the animals of Paradise. Jibril held the
buraq by his ear and told the Prophet to mount it. When the buraq
was mounted, the Prophet set forth.
The buraq is a very fast animal;
the length of the buraq's stride is the farthest distance it's
eye can see. The Prophet and Jibril arrived to a land with palm
trees. Jibril told the Prophet to dismount and pray, so the Prophet
dismounted the buraq and prayed two rak^as. Jibril asked him,
"Do you know where you prayed?" and the Prophet answered,
"Allah knows best." Jibril told him, "This is Yathrib;
this is Taybah. "." (These are two names for the city
of al-Madinah.) Before the Prophet emigrated to al-Madinah, it
was called Taybah and Yathrib. It earned the name al-Madinah after
the Prophet emigrated to it.
The buraq continued with the
Prophet and Jibril until they reached another place. Again Jibril
told the Prophet to get down and pray. The Prophet dismounted
there and prayed two rak^as. Jibril informed the Prophet of the
name of that place; it was Tur Sina'.
Once again the buraq took off
with the Prophet and Jibril. Once again it stopped, and the Prophet
dismounted and prayed two rak^as. This was in Bayt Lahm, where
Prophet ^Isa (Jesus) was born. Then the buraq continued with the
Messenger of Allah until they entered the city of Jerusalem. There
the Prophet went to Masjid al-Aqsa. Outside was a ring used by
the Messengers of Allah to tie their animals. The Prophet tied
his buraq to this ring. Then the Prophet entered the masjid where
Allah assembled for him all the Prophets--from Adam to ^Isa. Prophet
Muhammad moved forward and led them all in prayer. This is an
indication the Prophet is higher in status than all the rest of
the prophets and messengers.
1- On Prophet Muhammad's journey
from Masjid al-Haram to Masjid al-Aqsa, Allah enabled him to see
some of His wondrous creations. Allah enabled the Prophet to see
the world (dunya) like an old woman. However, this old woman was
wearing a great deal of jewelry, and in this there is an indication
signifying the reality of the world.
2- Allah enabled the Prophet
to see Iblis. The Prophet saw something on the side of the road
which did not dare to stand in his way or speak to him. What the
Prophet saw was Iblis. Originally, Iblis was a believer and lived
with the angels in Paradise. When Allah ordered the angels to
prostrate (sujud) to Prophet Adam, Iblis was ordered to prostrate
to him as well. The angels prostrated to Adam in obedience to
Allah, because angels do not disobey Allah. However, Iblis did
not obey, and he objected to the order of Allah. He said, "You
created me out of fire, and You created him out of clay. How do
You order me to prostrate to him?" So this objection by Iblis
to the order of Allah was the first blasphemy he committed.
3- On his journey, the Prophet
smelled a very nice odor. He asked Jibril about this pleasant
scent and Jibril informed him this good smell was coming from
the grave of the woman whose duty used to be to comb Pharaoh's
daughter's hair. This woman was a good, pious believer. One day,
as she was combing Pharaoh's daughter's hair, the comb fell from
her hand. At this she said, ""Bismillah. "Pharaoh's
daughter asked her, "Do you have a god other than my father?"
The woman said, "Yes. My Lord and the Lord of your father
is Allah." Pharaoh's daughter told her father what had happened.
Pharaoh demanded this woman blaspheme and leave Islam, but she
refused. At that, Pharaoh threatened to kill her children. He
brought a great pot of water and built a great fire under it.
When the water boiled, Pharaoh brought her children and started
to drop them into that pot one after the other. Throughout all
this, the woman remained steadfast to Islam, even when Pharaoh
reached her youngest child--a little boy still breast feeding--but
she felt pity for him. At that, Allah enabled this child to speak.
He said to his mother, "O Mother, be patient. The torture
of the Hereafter is far more severe than the torture of this life,
and do not be reluctant, because you are right." At this
the woman requested Pharaoh collect her bones and the bones of
her children and bury them in the same grave. Pharaoh promised
her that--then dropped her into that boiling water. She died as
a martyr. The good odor the Prophet smelled coming from her grave
is an indication of her high status.
4- During his trip, the Prophet
saw people who were planting and reaping in two days. Jibril told
the Prophet, "These were the people who fight for the sake
of Allah (mujahidun). ")."
5- The Prophet also saw people
whose lips and tongues were clipped with scissors made of fire.
Jibril told the Prophet, "These are the speakers of sedition
(fitna) who call people to misguidance."
6- He also saw a bull which
exited a very small outlet, then was trying in vain to return
through that small outlet. Jibril told the Prophet, "This
is the example of the bad word--once spoken, it cannot be returned."
7- The Prophet saw people grazing
like animals, with very little clothing on their private parts.
Jibril told the Prophet, "These are the ones who refused
to pay zakat. "."
8- The Prophet saw angels smashing
some people's heads with rocks. These heads would return to the
shape they had been, and then the angels would smash their heads
again--and so on. Jibril told the Prophet, "These are the
ones whose heads felt too heavy to perform prayer--the ones who
used to sleep without praying."
9- On his journey the Prophet
saw people who were competing to eat some rotten meat--ignoring
meat that was sliced and unspoiled. Jibril told the Prophet, "These
are people from your nation who leave out that which is permissible
(halal), and consume that which is forbidden ((haram). "This
reference was to the fornicators, that is, the ones who left out
the permissible (marriage) and committed sins (fornication).
10- Also, the Prophet saw people
who were drinking from the fluid coming from the bodies of the
fornicators, (water mixed with blood). Jibril indicated to the
Prophet these were the ones who were drinking the alcohol which
is prohibited in this world.
11- The Prophet saw people
scratching their faces and chests with brass finger nails. Jibril
said, "These are the examples of those who commit gossip
((ghibah). ")."
Al-Mi^raj
1- After the Prophet took this
night journey from Masjid al-Haram to Masjid al-Aqsa, he ascended
to the upper heavens. The Prophet ascended to the heaven on stairs,
called al-mirqat, in which one step is made of gold and the next
of silver, and so on. These stairs are veiled from us. The Prophet
ascended these stairs until he reached the first heaven. When
the Prophet and Jibril arrived at the first heaven, Jibril requested
the gate to be opened. The angel assigned to that gate asked Jibril,
"Who is with you?" Jibril answered, "It is Muhammad."
The angel asked Jibril, "Was he dispatched? Is it time for
him to ascend to the heaven?" Jibril said, "Yes."
So, the gate was opened for him, and Prophet Muhammad entered
the first heaven.
There, Prophet Muhammad saw
Prophet Adam. To Adam's right, the Prophet saw some bodies, and
to Adam’s left, other bodies. If Adam would look to his
right he would laugh, and if he would look to his left he would
cry. Adam was seeing the souls of his descendants. Those on his
right were his descendants who would die as believers and those
on his left were his descendants who would die as non-believers.
Then the Prophet ascended to
the second heaven. In this second heaven was where Prophet Muhammad
saw Prophets ^Isa and Yahya. ^Isa and Yahya are cousins; their
mothers were sisters. They welcomed the Prophet and made supplication
(du^a') for him for good things. The Prophet ascended to the third
heaven, where he found Prophet Yusuf. Prophet Yusuf was extremely
handsome. Allah bestowed half the beauty on Yusuf. Yusuf received
the Prophet with a warm welcome and made supplication (du^a')
for him for good things.
Then the Prophet ascended to
the fourth heaven, where he found Prophet Idris. Idris welcomed
the Prophet and made supplication (du^a') for him for good things.
In the fifth heaven, the Prophet encountered Harun, the brother
of Prophet Musa. In the sixth heaven, he encountered Prophet Musa.
Each of these Prophets received Prophet Muhammad with a warm welcome
and made supplication (du^a')') for him for good things.
Then the Prophet ascended to
the seventh heaven, and that is where our Messenger saw Prophet
Ibrahim. Prophet Ibrahim is the best of the prophets after our
prophet, Muhammad. The Prophet saw Prophet Ibrahim with his back
against al-Bayt al-Ma^mur. To the inhabitants of the skies, al-Bayt
al-Ma^mur is like the Ka^bah is to us, the inhabitants of the
earth. Every day 70,000 angels go there; then exit from it, and
never return. The next day another 70,000 angels go, come out,
and never return. This will continue until the Day of Judgment.
In this, there is an indication as to the greatness of the numbers
of the angels--their numbers are far more than the numbers of
the humans and the jinns together.
In the seventh heaven, Prophet
Muhammad saw Sidrat al-Muntaha--a very big tree of sidr. Each
of the fruits of this tree is as large as a big jar. The leaves
of this tree are similar to the ears of the elephants. Sidrat
al-Muntahais an extremely beautiful tree. It is visited by butterflies
made of gold. When these butterflies gather on this tree, its
beauty is beyond description.
Then the Prophet ascended to
what is beyond the seven skies; he entered Paradise. He saw examples
of the inhabitants of Paradise and how their situation would be.
He saw most of the inhabitants of Paradise are the poor people
.
The Prophet saw other things
on the night of his ascension. He saw Malik, the angel in charge
of the Hellfire. Malik did not smile at the Prophet when he saw
him, and the Prophet asked why. In answer to the Prophet's question,
Jibril said, "Malik did not smile since the day Allah created
him. Had he smiled for anyone, he would have smiled for you."
In Paradise, the Prophet saw
some of the bounties Allah prepared for the inhabitants of Paradise.
He saw the Hur ul-^In: females Allah created who are not humans
or jinn. They are in Paradise and will be married to those men
Allah willed them to marry.
The Prophet saw the wildan ul-mukhalladun:
creations of Allah who are not human, jinn, or angels. They are
a very beautiful creation of Allah whose appearance is like laid-out
pearls. They are servants of the inhabitants of Paradise. The
least in status of the People of Paradise will have 10,000 wildan
ul-mukhalladun to serve him. Each one of them would carry a tray
of gold in one hand and a tray of silver in the other hand.
The Prophet saw the Throne (^Arsh),
which is the ceiling of Paradise. The Throne is the largest creation
of Allah in size; Allah did not create anything bigger in size
than it. The seven heavens and the earth in comparison to the
Kursiyy, are like a ring thrown in a desert, and the Kursiyy in
comparison to the Throne, is like a ring thrown in a desert. The
seven heavens and the earth in comparison to the Throne are like
a seed of mustard compared to the ocean. Allah created the Throne
as a sign of His Power and He did not create the Throne to sit
on it.
Allah created the Throne to
show His Power. It is carried by four angels, and on the Day of
Judgment, it will be carried by eight. The Prophet said he was
permitted to speak about one of these angels who carry the Throne.
In describing this angel, the Prophet told us the distance between
his ear lobe and shoulder is the distance a fast-flying bird would
cover in 700 years.
Then the Prophet ascended beyond
Paradise. He reached a place where he heard the creaking of the
pens used by the angels who are copying from the Preserved Tablet.
It is at that location Prophet Muhammad heard the Kalam of Allah,
which is an attribute of the Self of Allah. He heard the Kalam
of Allah which does not resemble our speech--so it is not something
that occurs bit after bit. It is not letter after letter or a
word that comes after another word. Rather, it is an attribute
of Allah which is eternal and everlasting. It does not resemble
our attributes. The Kalam of Allah has neither silence nor interruptions.
It is an attribute of Allah, and it does not resemble the attributes
of the creation.
The Prophet understood several
things from hearing this Kalam of Allah. He understood the obligation
of the five Obligatory Prayers. At first, Allah obligated fifty
prayers. When Prophet Muhammad encountered Musa, Musa told him
to make supplication (du^a') to his Lord to ease the obligation
of fifty (50) prayers, because his nation could not handle that.
Musa said, "I have experience with the people of Israel,
and I know your nation cannot bear that." So the Prophet
asked his Lord to lessen these prayers for his people. Five prayers
were eliminated. Once again, Musa told the Prophet to ask Allah
to lessen the number of prayers. Allah did. Nine times the Prophet
made supplication to Allah to lessen these prayers--until these
prayers were lessened to five Obligatory Prayers. So Prophet Musa
was a great benefit to us. Had we been obligated to pray fifty
prayers a day, this would have been a difficult matter for us.
From the Kalam of Allah, the
Prophet also understood that a good deed would be written for
the person who intends to do a good deed, even if he did not do
it. Also, the good deed performed would be registered for he who
performs it as at least ten good deeds--up to 700 good deeds.
For some people, Allah would multiply the reward of their deeds
more than that. Additionally, if one performs a bad deed, it is
registered for him as one bad deed; yet for he who inclines towards
committing a bad deed and then refrains from committing it, a
good deed would be registered for him. Here one should note the
difference between two matters. If a thought crossed a person's
mind about doing something sinful, and this person wavered in
this thinking, i.e., considered whether he should do it or not,
then he refrained from doing this for the sake of Allah, this
is written as a good deed. However, if a person has the firm intention
in his heart that he wants to commit a sin, it would be written
for him as a sin, even if he does not do it.
The Prophet
Returns to Makkah
After all these matters took
place with the Prophet, he returned to the city of Makkah. Some
scholars said the Prophet's journey took about one-third of the
night, i.e., his journey from Makkah to Jerusalem, then to the
heavens and what is above them, and then back to Makkah The next
day the Prophet told the people what happened to him the previous
night. The blasphemers belied the Prophet and mocked him, saying,
"We need a month to get there and back, and you are claiming
to have done all this in one night?" They said to Abu Bakr,
"Look at what your companion is saying. He says he went to
Jerusalem and came back in one night." Abu Bakr told them,
"If he said that, then he is truthful. I believe him concerning
the news of the heavens--that an angel descends to him from the
heavens. How could I not believe he went to Jerusalem and came
back in a short period of time--when these are on earth?"
At that, the Companion, Abu Bakr, was called "as-Siddiq"--because
of how strongly he believed all what the Prophet said.
The blasphemous people questioned
the Prophet: "If you are truthful, then describe to us Masjid
al-Aqsa and its surroundings." They asked this because they
knew Prophet Muhammad had never been there before the previous
night. Allah enabled the Messenger to see Masjid al-Aqsa, and
he described the masjid and its surroundings in exact detail.
Moreover, the Prophet said, "On my way back, I saw some of
your shepherds grazing their animals in a particular location.
They were searching for a camel they had lost." The Prophet
continued by giving the description of the camel. When these shepherds
came back, they told their people what happened to them--precisely
as the Prophet had already told them.
These blasphemers admitted the
Prophet's description was exact. Despite that, they were still
stubborn and rejected the faith. They did not accept Islam. Only
those whom Allah willed to be guided, will be guided. The person
whom Allah did not will to be guided, will not believe--regardless
of how much explanation or how many proofs he is shown. The person
whom Allah willed to be guided, surely he will be a believer.
Many people witnessed miracles and still did not believe. Many
people witnessed the miracle of the Prophet's splitting of the
moon. Those who refused to embrace Islam said, "This is magic.
Muhammad played a magic trick on our eyes." They even asked
the people of a faraway land who witnessed the moon split in two.
Despite this, they still did not believe. They said, "The
magic of Muhammad is powerful; it even reached the faraway lands!"
This was their response to witnessing a miracle--instead of believing
and becoming Muslims.
We ask Allah that we would all
die as Muslims. We ask Allah to bestow on us the bounty of entering
Paradise without torture.
